The resistance promised by blue state governors after the election of Donald Trump is beginning to take shape as city leaders, advocacy groups and the nation’s second-largest school district launch efforts to oppose mass deportations.

The cities of Los Angeles, Chicago and Philadelphia have vowed to shield people living in the U.S. without authorization from efforts by the incoming Trump administration to carry out what it has said will be the largest deportation effort in history.

The Los Angeles Unified School District has declared itself a sanctuary for migrants, and the ACLU of Southern California filed a lawsuit this month against U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, demanding details on how the incoming administration plans to carry out the roundups.

Local officials acknowledge the ordinances and declarations cannot stop deportations, but they say the tactics can tie up efforts and slow down enforcement on the ground.

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